Auto biography of a Tree Essay Example for Free

Auto biography of a Tree Essay I am a tree, tall and imposing, standing all alone near the campus of a temple. My life is ever so interesting as, I see a huge spectrum of society, funny gestures of people, and hear all kinds of conversation of the devotees who pass by me. I was not always so huge. As is true of all living beings I was also a long time back, a young sapling with this huge tree within me. At that time I looked fresh and beautiful as all other beings who are young, but, at that time I was of course not so imposing. This is what I have seen about life that, every stage has something good about it. I understand that, I am a peepal tree which just grows anywhere and everywhere. Ever since I was young, I remember several people coming to my root and worshipping me. They would light an earthenware lamp, and put it near my root, say their prayers and go away. This was a daily ritual which scores of people followed at my root ever since I can remember. As I started growing up bigger and bigger, the temple authorities put a two feet wall like boundary around my trunk. This was done to protect me from being destroyed by crowds who thronged to me. Since I am near a temple, I have always had the pleasure of a lot of company daily and, the great honour of being worshipped by scores of believers every day. Now, I am a full grown tree, and that two feet wall has been converted into a broad platform all around me, with my root out of sight, and the trunk also somewhat covered from vision. Here on the platform people sit and say their prayers and relax. At times they also consume their temple prasad while sitting on this platform. Oh, what a wonderful feeling it is to be so loved and cared for and, above all, being so honoured and respected. This honour is given to me as, I understand now that, a section of the Indian society considered me a holy tree to be worshipped. This is why there is so much hype about me and my kin. As I stand here, near a temple, I never ever feel lonely I get all sorts of company throughout the day, so, where is the scope of feeling lonely. Early in the morning the temple is opened at 6 a.m. It is cleaned and washed so, I get the company of people who clean the premises. They come to me also and broom the area around me, wash the platform and I am trim and neat to welcome my guests for the day. After the temple is cleaned there is a pooja, and from 7 a.m. devotees start pouring in, and the temple bells start ringing and breaking the silence of the night. Devotees continue pouring in the temple right from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m., when the temple closes. These long hours of the day, there is no chance of my getting bored as, I have the company of so many people moving around the area. Even though I am alone, a lonely tree but, my life is full of thrill and excitement, as I get lots of, and variety of company. This in turn is an added honour for me that, while my friends have the company of trees only, I have the company of human beings who talk and walk and discuss matters to make my life more lively and enjoyable. I often wondered to myself as to why there is so much of greatness thrust upon me, though I am just a tree like any other. Yes, here is the catch, I believe I am so revered because I am considered by the Hindus, a religious sect as a holy tree, an incarnation of their God. Aha! this makes me feel proud of myself and I am prone to thank God for this birth in which I get honour, respect, love and care. What else could any living being aspire for. I and my honour are further enhanced as, I stand near a temple of God. Now, all my anxiety is put to rest as, I have learnt that I am also here to be worshipped just as God himself. I stand here alone yet in great company of human beings. My life is just wonderful, I pray to God that HE grant such a wonderful and eventful life to all humans. One thing I forgot to tell you all, about my life. When people come and sit on the platform around me, I also get a lot of information about man’s world. I hear scandals, I hear about murders, thefts and what all evils that exist in this man’s world. At times I also get to hear small children saying lovely words to their mothers and, seeing the mothers cajoling them, I feel what a beautiful life men have. Thus to add to my experience of life, I have come to know a lot about human beings and their lives. Their lives are also full of pleasures and disappointments. It is not that men only enjoy as, most of us lesser beings seem to feel. Men also have their own problems. So, to add up I’d say my life is a pleasure and a rich experience.

The Year 1919 Essay -- American History, Woodrow Wilson

What makes a year special? What makes a year memorable? It’s the things that people remembered in the year. 1919 in American was a year where people were settling down. The World War One just ended, the World Series was rigged, there was an influenza epidemic, there was a president trying to make peace with other countries, and people wore brightly colored clothing. The America in 1919, Had a president who was really focused on peace for the United States. The President was Woodrow Wilson. Woodrow Wilson was the 28th president. After the war was declared over Wilson went to Paris get peace for the country. In Paris he helped create The League of Nations. Here he also helped Shape the treaty of Versailles. For his effort to form The League of Nations, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919 (Gordon). Clearly Wilson’s ideas for peace were respected by the world. While Wilson was known for the League of Nations and the treaty of Versailles, he was also known for his Fourteen Points. These were 14 primary ideas set by Wilson to end World War 1, and set ideas for world peace. These principals were first introduced to congress, then to the League of Nations. Out of these fourteen principals only 6 were used. Point seven â€Å"evacuation of German troops from Belgium† (â€Å"President Wilson’s Fourteen Points†). Point eight that said, free all French territory and these places must be restored, along with France being freed In the matter of Alsace-Lorraine. The next point that was put into effect was that people of Austria-Hungary should be allowed the freest opportunity. They also put point eleven into use. This point said, â€Å"Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure ... ...an’s bloomers cost $o.90(Derks 134), a men’s suit was $33.00(Derks 142). Finding a house in a good neighborhood was very important to some people just as it is today. A house in a good neighborhood would cost around $4,200(Derks 142). A mattress was a necessity, back then it would cost around $20.00(Derks 137). Magazines were a good way for people to get news or find new things. To buy just one copy of the magazine it would cost $0.15. A year’s subscription for a magazine would cost $1.50(Derks 142). Cereal brands were simple, a regular box would cost $0.12. A large box of Cereal would cost $0.30(Derks 137). A phonograph Record cost $1.50(Derks 137). Even though alcohol was illegal to have a gallon of whiskey would cost $3.50(Craven). Milk cost $0.32 for a gallon. The cost of basic goods was a lot less then what it would be today. So their cost of living was less.

Swot Analysis of Hdfc Bank

HDFC Bank Limited – SWOT Analysis company profile is the essential source for top-level company data and information. HDFC Bank Limited – SWOT Analysis examines the company’s key business structure and operations, history and products, and provides summary analysis of its key revenue lines and strategy. HDFC Bank is a new generation private sector bank in India which specializes in the provision of banking and other financial services to upper and middle income individuals and corporations. The company's services include retail, commercial and electronic banking products. It also provides treasury services and capital markets infrastructure. The company primarily operates in India. HDFC Bank is headquartered in Mumbai, India and employs about 51,888 people. The company recorded revenues of INR124,693. 9 million (approximately $2,632. 3 million) during the financial year (FY) ended March 2010, an increase of 15% over FY2009. The operating profit of the company was INR65,638. 8 million (approximately $1,385. 6 million) during FY2010, an increase of 26. 3% over FY2009. The net profit was INR30,036. 5 million (approximately $634. 1 million) in FY2010, an increase of 33. % over FY2009. Scope of the Report – Provides all the crucial information on HDFC Bank Limited required for business and competitor intelligence needs – Contains a study of the major internal and external factors affecting HDFC Bank Limited in the form of a SWOT analysis as well as a breakdown and examination of leading product revenue streams of HDFC Bank Limited -Data is su pplemented with details on HDFC Bank Limited history, key executives, business description, locations and subsidiaries as well as a list of products and services and the latest available statement from HDFC Bank Limited Reasons to Purchase – Support sales activities by understanding your customers’ businesses better – Qualify prospective partners and suppliers – Keep fully up to date on your competitors’ business structure, strategy and prospects – Obtain the most up to date company information available

Comparing the Myth in Ovid’s Echo and Narcissus and...

Contemporary Ancient Myth in Ovid’s Echo and Narcissus and Wilde’s Dorian Gray Each time a story is told, elements of the original are often changed to suit new situations and current societies, or to offer a new perspective. Over the centuries, Ovid’s tale of Echo and Narcissus has been told many times to new audiences, and in the late nineteenth-century, it took the form of The Picture of Dorian Gray. Echo and Narcissus is the tale of a beautiful boy who fell in love with his reflection in a pond, and spurned others who loved him because he was so fixated upon himself. As a result of his extreme self-worship and consequent inability to love another, Narcissus perishes. Although several aspects of the original myth are†¦show more content†¦Basil, the painter of Dorian’s portrait, causes the innocent Dorian to realize his beauty when shown his painting. Like Narcissus, Dorian becomes vain and self-absorbed as a result of recognizing his physical magnificence. Under the influence of Lord Henry, Dorian throws off all moral restraint and liv es a life of passionate self-indulgence (Miller 384). Therefore, the lives of both Narcissus and Dorian are shaped by the actions of their mentors. In adapting Basil’s persona from his mythological counterpart Tiresias, Wilde alters the original character to illustrate how Basil’s excessive admiration of Dorian led to the youth’s eventual demise. While Tiresias played only an indirect role in Narcissus’ life by foreseeing his future, Basil actively leads Dorian to his corruption. Basil Hallward’s extreme fondness for Dorian arises from the inspiration that Dorian’s beauty and purity provides in the expression of his art. Basil says to Dorian, I quite admit that I adored you madly, extravagantly, absurdly...you became to me the visible incarnation of that unseen ideal whose memory haunts us artists like an exquisite dream (Wilde 126). These qualities in Dorian inspire Basil to visualize a new style of art which fuses classical and romantic elements and harmonizes body and soul (Koll 155). Basil argues that the artist

Partnership and Microsoft - 1665 Words

1. What are some relative advantages and disadvantages of using smaller local partners vs. a large local partner? Some advantages that Microsoft might have are that in general partnerships, each participant is personally responsible for the actions of the company. This includes debts, liabilities and the wrongful acts of other partners. One advantage of a limited liability partnership is the liability protection it affords. This type of partnership structure protects individual partners from personal liability for negligent acts of other partners or employees not under their direct control, states the SBA. In addition, smaller local partners are not personally responsible for company debts or other obligations. This is advantageous for†¦show more content†¦Second, organize small teams of overlapping functional specialists. This is a blend of two leading concepts in new products management today -- have small work groups and have highly skilled functional specialists. Microsoft has large teams of small teams. At all times functional skills are at work, and team members do not lose sight of their major contribution. Yet, by having an overall plan, and overall team management, the small clusters are involved across all functions. So the firm achieves both functional skills and multifunctional operations. They talk about having distinct functional skills that are overlapped at the boundaries. This gives independence but not anarchy. Third, pioneer and orchestrate evolving mass markets. This means to be the first, or early, to enter a market, find and build mass markets, don t wait for perfect products but build a steam of incrementally better ones flowing in the direction of the market, and try to lead those markets in directions favorable to the firm. Fourth, focus creativity by evolving features and fixing resources. This means giving team’s vision statements for general guidance, freedom to implement those as their skills direct, insisting that developers keep in mind the volume of demand for the features they are building, and then restricting the total eff ort by tight restrictions on dollars and timeShow MoreRelatedThe Partnership Between Ibm And Microsoft1572 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction The partnership between IBM and Microsoft propels each other to the forefront of software design and development and create an industry standard to be followed by all. Although as both companies find themselves with conflicting visions on the design of the operating systems. Soon after Microsoft and IBM agreed to separate and produce their own operating systems. IBM continued producing OS/2 until 1996 with the last product named Warp 4, meanwhile Windows continues to developingRead MoreNokia and Microsoft Partnership Analysis1644 Words   |  7 PagesNokia and Microsoft Partnership Analysis Introduction: Microsoft is the most established software giant and Nokia is the company that is the icon for electronic and communication equipments. Microsoft had a partnership with the computer manufacturer IBM that made the software of Microsoft from DOS to modern Windows 8 famous and most used. The same underlying principle of symbiosis has been used inn this alliance. There are many reasons why Microsoft had to enter the cell phone industry. 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Let me first provide the landscape of this case study by highlighting that the evolution of the partnership between the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the software giant Microsoft Corporation facilitated a strategic and mutually beneficial partnership, as well as shaping the definition today of good corporate social responsibility. The corporateRead MoreNokia Microsoft Alliance1424 Words   |  6 PagesNokia Microsoft alliance LONDON – Feb. 11, 2011 – Nokia and Microsoft today announced plans to form a broad strategic partnership that would use their complementary strengths and expertise to create a new global mobile ecosystem. Nokia and Microsoft intend to jointly create market-leading mobile products and services designed to offer consumers, operators and developers unrivalled choice and opportunity. 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In view of antitrust regulation in the US and EU, and increasing competition in the desktop software market, Microsoft was determined to move beyond the PC software industry. By formally recognizing the emerging business opportunities introduced by the new internet era (â€Å"Web 2.0†), Microsoft began to reinvent itself. It wanted to extend its software productsRead MoreMicrosoft Opens the Gates: Patent, Piracy, and Political Challenges in China763 Words   |  4 PagesMicrosoft faced many macro risks when operating in China. Many of these risks included software piracy, Chinese government pressure to transfer technology, host government promotion of competitor products, discriminatory procurement practices by sub-national authorities in China, and the strong encouragement for Microsoft to enter joint ventures with local firms. One main micro risk that Microsoft faced was when the Beijing Municipal go vernment avoided Microsoft by awarding operating system softwareRead MoreMicrosofts Windows Operating System1045 Words   |  5 PagesMicrosoft – Molopoly through Differntiation Microsoft is considered a monopoly regading some software products of their business. They are one of the largest software companines in the world with a considerable overall market share. More specifically, our text states that a monopolist is â€Å"a single seller of a well-defined good or service with no close substitute† (Miller p. 538). Microsoft’s Windows operating system is a product with very little competition in the desktop, laptop and office serverRead MoreNokia And The Smartphone Market943 Words   |  4 Pagesbecoming irrelevant in the global Smartphone market (Becker, Mladenow, Kryvinska, Strauss, 2012). Technology is a drive in the Smartphone industry, each day a discovery is made, and new features that are user-friendly are introduced. Nokia and Microsoft could not deny this fact and hence they had to join forces so as to compete fairly with other giants in the Smartphone industry. Moreover, Nokia started losing customers thus they had to strategize on new measures that will enable them to compete

Pros And Cons Of Compulsory Voting - 1868 Words

INTRODUCTION This research essay argues that compulsory voting does not violate international law of human rights (ILHR). In arguing so, we explore the perspectives of different commentators regarding the pros and cons of compulsory voting, and interpret how the relevant ILHR documents address the issue of compulsory voting. Compulsory voting is a process in which eligible electors must cast their vote at an election with various ways which include postal voting, absent voting, voting through mobile polling team, and voting at a polling place. Although compulsory voting literally forces people to vote, it offers flexible options for people to choose how they vote. Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly by 48 votes in favour†¦show more content†¦With the public participation in elections is diminishing among developed countries, the elected governments of those countries become less representative of the entire population. The UDHR asserts that the will of the people shall be th e basis of the authority of government. If the government is elected by the minority of the population, the elected government does not truly reflect the will of the entire population within that country, and impliedly lacks the authority to rule the country. To remedy this problem, the implementation of compulsory voting dramatically and effectively raised the public participation in elections, and thus supported the legitimacy of the newly elected government to rule stably. It is possible to argue that compulsory voting ultimately leads to a more stable society because every citizen has been given an opportunity to choose their government and there will be no excuse for people to overturn their government that is reflecting the public will. This demonstrates that compulsory voting is consistent with the notion of preserving public order and safety manifested in the UDHR and the ICCPR. 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It is really important as an American citizen that we understand the pros and cons of voting. Just because an American citizen are not legally oblige to vote and it is consider an oral obligation. We can see by not going to the poles how can we allow other chose the wrong politicians to run our country. Because it is a moral obligationRead MoreIs Voter Turnout Not A Single Citizen?3733 Words   |  15 Pageshave revealed that turnout is at a low point. According to Thomas Cavanagh, since the peek of electoral participation in post war 1960, voter-turnout has continually been on the decline (53). In other words, people just aren’t participating in the voting process as they used to. Moreover, this trend of low turnout doesn’t seem to occur only in less exposed congressional elections. Today, even in the highly publicized, closely contested, and salient presidential elections, only about 60% of the eligibleRead More1. Case Study - Women on the Right Track at Cp Rail3638 Words   |  15 Pagesglobally,, winning several international awards along the way. Fair mont became particularly interested in the initiatives because of its locations in sensitive environments such as national parks, biosphere reserves, and wetlands. The environmental pro-gram now includes eco-innovation projects at its hotels, such as turtle Conservation in Mexico, coral reef protection in Hawaii, and whale adoption in Quebec. Empowered employees are vital to the success of the programs. Employees were first encouragedRead MoreCorporation (Fisch) Outline Penn Law Essay62808 Words   |  252 PagesBut partners can be indemnified by the partnership. 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Developing Cross Cultural Competencies

Question: Discuss about the Developing Cross Cultural Competencies. Answer: Introduction This literature review and annotated bibliography is focused on International Human Resource Management. The annotation bibliography is based on 10 articles. The annotation bibliography is followed by literature review. In the article, authors mentioned that international human resource managers have a tough time as they have to manage the team across multiple cultures. I agree with authors that international HR managers should be visionaries that focus on organizing and implementing change. Authors did a primary research with 130 respondents. To complete the primary research, authors used random sampling methods. In the article, authors have tried to relationship between international human resource management practices and the employee behavior. The article is an interesting read where authors mentioned that to get the right mix, leaders need to ensure the team has all of the technical or functional expertise it needs to accomplish its goals. In this article, authors talked about management of cross-cultural teams in the context of international human resource management. Authors did a secondary research with more than 15 secondary resources. Authors argued that when teams work in groups that are multi-disciplined, they can bring together a wide range of knowledge, experience and problem solving skills to the table that enable projects to be tackled with multiple perspectives and thinking. The article is particularly useful for the human resource managers that may want to pursue international HRM. The article would also be useful for the multinational organizations or the organizations that have to manage the business in the multicultural environment. I can say that one the biggest strength of the article is the simple and effective language in which authors have written the article. The only weakness of the article could be the length of the article.In the article, authors discusses about the value of cross-functional teams can be invaluable in enabling agility in the organization. Authors did a primary research with 120 respondents. To complete the primary research, authors used stratified sampling methods. Authors concluded that cross-functional teams work best when: 1- They share a common vision, and are committed to achieving a common purpose. 2-They share leadership roles as well as responsibility for processes, project progress and outcomes. 3 They are both individually and mutually accountable to each other and to their collective performance. The article is very interesting, as authors talk about the team management in a global context. The organizational stakeholders can learn a lot from this article.In this article, aut hors argued that when building cross-functional team leaders should seek a balance. Complementary skills, diversity of thinking is certainly important. Many times, organizations find themselves having a strong team in one region and a weak team in one region. I would agree with the authors that the international human resource managers should ensure that a shared team structure should be followed in the global teams. The research is based on systematic sampling method with close to 200 respondents. Authors used quantitative methods to analyze the result of the survey. One of the drawbacks or the weakness of the survey or research is the possibility of biasness in the research. Overall, this article is an interesting read that provides a lot of insight about team management in international context. One of the biggest strength of the article is that authors have used number of examples to make their point.In the article, authors talk about the role of innovation and motivation in employee engagement when employees have to work in multicultural environment. Authors started the research with the initial hypothesis that international human resource managers may face certain internal and external challenges to implement the HR strategies acros s different locations. I think authors are right that leaders must find innovative ways to enhance motivation and keep employees excited about what they do on a day-to-day basis.The authors researched and concluded that initial hypothesis was indeed true. In the article, authors highlighted that virtual teams should be motivated by a clear vision of the mission and by straightforward expectations for the teamwork. Authors did a primary research and the result of the research proved that international human resource managers must learn the skills to manage virtual teams. Authors highlighted that since teams are not able to meet in person, time should be taken to have formal introductions and create an awareness of which the team consists of. An onboarding type situation was discussed by authors and the thought it is creates a connection which will make it more difficult for others to let them team down if they feel connected. It would be correct to say that this article provides a lot of insights about the role of leaders and human resource managers to manage the virtual teams that are spread across globe. In this article, authors discussed about the challenges of international human resource management and management of virtual teams. An example of a challenge related to the communication of the shared vision would be the misinterpreting of the vision based on the experience of the follower or leader. To further explain, the behavior and skills of the manager should exhibit good communication, which includes the perception of the capabilities of others. Effectively dealing with the challenge of poor communication between manager and followers requires one to establish a good relationship between members of the organization, reassure subordinates through trust and social behaviors that enrich the vision of the organization and be aware of the differences of members that compose the culture of the organizationIn Lepsinger and DeRosas article on leading effective virtual teams they suggest using the RAMP Model (relationships, accountability, motivation, and process) to improve virtual te ams (2015). Relationships build trust and without working alongside others it can be difficult to get to know them and their likes, dislikes, mannerisms, and habits. By finding ways to interact socially via virtual technology, teams can build relationships. Rather than just connect during meetings, have virtual lunch or participate in chat rooms. Accountability is enhanced when teams can see what each other are doing and how to know when it is completed. Share point sites and posted action plans with timelines can help in this area. To motivate team members schedule conference calls so people can speak with one another or have video conference calls. This is help with relationship building and accountability as well as motivation. And finally, process is how you share information. Be mindful of time zone differences, set expectations, and encourage participation through asking questions and having each team member participate (Lepsinger and DeRosa, 2015).In this article, authors discuss the impo rtance of communication in international human resource management. The key to an effective organization is communication from leadership to its staff members. I think certain visions and messages can use virtual messaging, but I also think there are some things that still need face-to-face communication and in the article, authors failed to cove these things. Indeed, this is one of the biggest weaknesses of the article. Authors used the secondary research methods to complete the research. One of the good things for the article is that authors have used the resources (articles) that were written for global context. Authors discussed the case of international human resource managers for large and multinational organizations. In the article, authors used a case study approach to conduct the research. Authors based their research on large companies like Coca-Cola, Google, Microsoft, etc. As a part of the case studies, authors discussed the international human resource management policies of these organizations. The biggest strength of the article is the structure of the article. In the article, authors used a structured approach to discuss the case of the large organizations. The weakness of the article is that all the data in the article is secondary in nature. Authors did not do any primary research. Authors should have used more references to make their point. The literature has number of studies in this area and in the article; authors have made use of these studies. Literature Review Authors Topic Major Themes Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behavior: a moderated mediation model. International HRM, Employee engagement Caligiuri, P. and Lundby, K. Developing Cross-Cultural Competencies Through Global Teams. InLeading Global Teams Cross cultural HRM, Team Management Nouri, R., Erez, M., Rockstuhl, T., Ang, S., Leshemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Calif, L. and Rafaeli, A Taking the bite out of culture: The impact of task structure and task type on overcoming impediments to crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cultural team performance. Cross cultural team management, Employee performance Hoch, J.E. and Kozlowski, S.W. Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership. Virtual Team, International HRM Floren, H., Rundquist, J., Schuler, R.S., Bondarouk, T. and Rul, H. HRM and innovation: themes, contingencies and directions for future research International HRM Charlier, S.D., Stewart, G.L., Greco, L.M. and Reeves, C.J., Emergent leadership in virtual teams: A multilevel investigation of individual communication and team dispersion antecedents. International HRM, Virtual team management Klitmoller, A. and Lauring, J., When global virtual teams share knowledge: Media richness, cultural difference and language commonality. Virtual Team Lepsinger, R., DeRosa, D. How to Lead an Effective Virtual Team. Ivey Business Journal, 2-6. Leadership and International HRM Den Hartog, D.N., Boon, C., Verburg, R.M. and Croon, M.A. HRM, communication, satisfaction, and perceived performance a cross-level test. International HRM, Communication Pavlica, K. and Jarosov, E. Versatile Leadership and Organizational Culture. Leadership and International HRM, Organizational Culture One of the common themes among all the above article is the role of HR managers for global companies that operates in multicultural environment. It is important that the organizational leaders and Human Resource Managers must create accountability among different stakeholders. Accountability is enhanced when teams can see what each other are doing and how to know when it is completed. To motivate team members, international Human Resource managers should schedule conference calls so people can speak with one another or have video conference calls. It would be correct to say that High-performing virtual leaders shared that the ability to build trust and relationships, accountability, motivation, implementation of processes support virtual work and collaboration help them succeed virtual team leading (Lepsinger DeRosa, 2015). Leadership and International Human Resource Managers is essential when planning for any type of organizational initiative, innovation, or change. People need to understand their role in the big picture, so the leader is responsible for planning the logistics and integrating people into the mix. According to Lepsinger DeRosa (2015) virtual teams often face distractions and challenges that can have an emotional impact on their motivation, especially for those working from home. Feelings of isolation can arise and team members can lose focus of the importance of their individual contribution. It is important that international human resource managers must show effective leadership attributes while handling the global teams. Leadership can be used when organizing any number of things for an organization. During times of change an innovation, leaders should ensure there is a method and that the process is smooth to allow for a solid transition. People tend to be afraid of change, so having everything organized can be effective for those who have their doubts. There are many things that can be done to enhance the effectiveness of virtual teams, which are rapidly growing and being used more frequently. First creating a work group that isnt too large is important.Klitmoller Lauring points out that building trust, maintaining relationships and having direct communication of groups of ten or more becomes much more difficult. It is also extremely important to set roles and ensure everyone is fully aware of their expectations and responsibilities.To further explain, the behavior and skills of the international human resource manager should exhibit good communication, which includes the perception of the capabilities of others. With any team having the right leadership on board is crucial. Fostering trust, encouraging dialogue and maintaining relationships must be a focus of virtual teams. Creating policy and expectations from the begging will be appreciated later. Identification of such things like multi tasking, surfing the web, breaks and when/how to respond, deadlines will ease uncertainty. If people know what the expectations are from the beginning there will be less hurt feelings and wondering what is going on. References Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), pp.330-351. Caligiuri, P. and Lundby, K., 2015. Developing Cross-Cultural Competencies Through Global Teams. InLeading Global Teams(pp. 123-139). Springer New York. Charlier, S.D., Stewart, G.L., Greco, L.M. and Reeves, C.J., 2016. Emergent leadership in virtual teams: A multilevel investigation of individual communication and team dispersion antecedents.The Leadership Quarterly. Den Hartog, D.N., Boon, C., Verburg, R.M. and Croon, M.A., 2013. HRM, communication, satisfaction, and perceived performance a cross-level test.Journal of Management,39(6), pp.1637-1665. 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